![]() ![]() 4 These include chemicals such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ammonia, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, benzene, phenol, argon, pyridines and acetone, over 50 of which are known to be carcinogenic to humans. ![]() 5 Additionally, over 4000 chemicals may also be introduced to the environment via cigarette particulate matter (tar) and mainstream smoke. ![]() 3 4 These include pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and rodenticides. Many chemical products are used during the course of growing tobacco and manufacturing cigarettes, the residues of which may be found in cigarettes prepared for consumption. 2 Owing to the ubiquitous nature and magnitude of cigarette butts discharged into the environment, studies are needed to determine whether cigarette butt waste can exert ecotoxic effects when in aquatic environments. (Ocean Conservancy, 2010) Conservatively, this quantity of cigarettes weighs approximately 821 lb and displaces a volume of 1095 litres. In all, 2 189 252 cigarettes were collected during the 2009 cleanup. In fact, cigarette butts are the most common debris item collected along waterways during the Ocean Conservancy's yearly International Coastal Cleanup. 1 Cigarette waste constitutes an estimated 30% of the total litter (by count) on US shorelines, waterways and on land (LitterFreePlanet, 2009). Cigarette butts are the most common form of litter in the world, as approximately 5.6 trillion cigarettes are smoked every year worldwide. ![]()
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